11–12 Jun 2026 Annual Conference
Stockholm University
Europe/Stockholm timezone

Classical geopolitics in cyberspace: Explaining cyber state behaviour with power position

12 Jun 2026, 13:35
10m
Stockholm University

Stockholm University

Frescativägen, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
Paper Abstract (Closed Panels) Cyber and Digital Sovereignty Cyber and Digital Sovereignty

Speaker

Lorenz Sommer (Geschwister-Scholl-Institute for Political Science, LMU Munich)

Description

Cyberspace is a new domain of state security competition that differs from the conventional and nuclear realms, most notably because states are constantly engaged in cyberspace operations below the threshold of armed attacks. This inclines many scholars to use new approaches, both theoretically and empirically, to measure and explain cyber state behaviour. This paper argues that classical neorealist literature, which assumes that geographic features and military resources predict state behaviour, is applicable to the new realm. Building on this, it proposes that the power position of a state, co-constituted by its vulnerability and resources, can explain offensive or defensive behaviour in cyberspace. The paper maps 31 states engaged in cyber security competition and overall confirms classical geopolitics expectations, where vulnerable and resourceful states (“land powers”) behave offensively, while less vulnerable ones (“sea powers”) tend to behave defensively. The paper sets a counterpoint to the prevailing “cyber exceptionalism” and contributes to ongoing debates about the offense-advantage in cyberspace, as well as the equalizing effect of cyber conflict on power politics in conventional realms.

If you are submitting an Open Panel proposal, have you included all four abstracts in attachment? No, I am submitting a Closed Panel abstract
Would you like to be considered for travel funding through the NetSec COST Action? Yes
Are you a member of the NetSec Management Committee? No
What discipline or branch of humanities or social sciences do you identify yourself with? Political Science, International Relations, Security Studies
Which of the following best describes your stage of the career? PhD Candidate
In which country is your home institution? Germany
What is your gender? Male

Author

Lorenz Sommer (Geschwister-Scholl-Institute for Political Science, LMU Munich)

Presentation materials

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