11–12 Jun 2026 Annual Conference
Stockholm University
Europe/Stockholm timezone

NATO Military Capabilities and the Russian Threat: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the 2014 Russian Invasion

12 Jun 2026, 14:30
10m
Stockholm University

Stockholm University

Frescativägen, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
Paper Abstract (Closed Panels) Military Transformation Military Transformation: Innovation and Strategic Change in the Transatlantic Context

Speaker

Jordan Becker (United States Military Academy, West Point, Brussels School of Governance, Ecole de Guerre (IHEDN, IRSEM))

Description

Following the 2014 Russian invasion of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea, most research examining NATO's response has focused on member state pledges to increase defense spending to at least two percent of GDP. Far less attention has been paid to whether and how NATO members' \textit{military capabilities}--the outputs of defense investment--changed in response to threats from Russia. We address this gap by examining this case to understand how external security threats shape state military capabilities. Using a difference-in-differences research design and leveraging data on NATO military capabilities from 2008–2022, we evaluate how proximity to Russia influenced post-2014 capability adjustments among 29 European NATO allies. We find that NATO allies bordering Russia significantly increased capabilities relative to more distant allies, consistent with expectations that vulnerability drives internal balancing. While existing research shows that overall NATO defense spending increased after 2014, we show that this did not uniformly translate into more military equipment and personnel across the alliance. These findings reflect enduring challenges with burden sharing and the influence of domestic political economies over defense matters, but they also suggest that countries faced with direct military threats can achieve efficiencies in converting spending to capabilities.

If you are submitting an Open Panel proposal, have you included all four abstracts in attachment? Yes, I have included all required information (see below).
Would you like to be considered for travel funding through the NetSec COST Action? Yes
Are you a member of the NetSec Management Committee? No
What discipline or branch of humanities or social sciences do you identify yourself with? Political Science
Which of the following best describes your stage of the career? Assistant Professor
In which country is your home institution? United States
What is your gender? Male

Authors

Jordan Becker (United States Military Academy, West Point, Brussels School of Governance, Ecole de Guerre (IHEDN, IRSEM)) Mr Ryan Van Wie (US Army, University of Texas)

Presentation materials

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